Wildlife

Wildlife is a term that refers to animals that are not normally domesticated.They are a living resource that will die and be replaced by others of their kind. Individual animals cannot be kept beyond their life span. But if managed carefully, populations of wildlife can be conserved practically forever.Conservation of wildlife includes: The preservation of all species, the enhancement of wildlife habitat, the control of wildlife problems, and the consumptive use of wildlife.One of the society that responsible to conserve wild life is WWF.

All species of animals are of interest to wildlife biologists. The rapid extinction of many species of animals is an increasing concern. Therefore, a wildlife biologist must be prepared to deal with complex ecological, sociological, and political problems that can cause the extinction of a species. At the same time they are concerned about endangered species wildlife biologists must also deal with locally abundant species that can cause serious ecological damage in an area.

Habitat preservation and enhancement are critical to existence of wildlife in an area. Animals cannot live in an area that does not provide the proper food, cover, water, and special needs. People's activities alter many habitats to the detriment of some wildlife. A wildlife biologist is responsible for preserving lands in a condition that wildlife can use for successful reproduction.

Wildlife biologists not only preserve species, they also control hunting seasons and oversee situations where conventional agriculture, forestry, range management,illegal logging cause conditions where some rodents, deer,birds and other species may become "pests." They are responsible for reducing negative interactions between wildlife and people.

To accomplish these objectives, wildlife biologists must understand the complex ecological interactions, cultural, sociological, and economic problems that are related to preservation of wildlife and human land use practices. They must be able to communicate their understanding of these relationships to the general public and to various levels of government.

Wildlife graduates are employed primarily by state and federal agencies. However, the private sector of environmental consulting firms is expanding. Recent graduates are employed as wildlife managers, wildlife biologists, refuge managers, park rangers, park naturalists, game wardens, recreations planners, consulting wildlife biologists, etc. Graduates with high academic qualifications should consider graduate school.

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from an orebody, vein, seam, or reef, which forms the mineralised package of economic interest to the miner.

Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.

Mining of stones and metal has been done since pre-historic times. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed.

The nature of mining processes creates a potential negative impact on the environment both during the mining operations and for years after the mine is closed. This impact has led most of the world's nations to adopt regulations designed to moderate the negative effects of mining operations. Safety has long been a concern as well, and modern practices have improved safety in mines significantly.

Environmental issues can include erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes. In some cases, additional forest logging is done in the vicinity of mines to create space for the storage of the created debris and soil. Contamination resulting from leakage of chemicals can also affect the health of the local population if not properly controlled. Extreme examples of pollution from mining activities include coal fires, which can last for years or even decades, producing massive amounts of environmental damage.

Mining companies in most countries are required to follow stringent environmental and rehabilitation codes in order to minimize environmental impact and avoid impacting human health. These codes and regulations all require the common steps of environmental impact assessment, development of environmental management plans, mine closure planning , and environmental monitoring during operation and after closure. However, in some areas, particularly in the developing world, government regulations may not be well enforced.